Classification of Law

Public Law vs. Private Law

Public laws are those laws that are relevant to matters affecting the entire community (e.g. laws about criminal activity or the environment).Public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population.It is that area of the politics governing the relationship between individuals (citizens, companies) and the state. Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are thus all sub-divisions of public law.
Private laws are laws that are most relevant to individuals (e.g. laws dealing with property ownership or employment contracts). Private law involves interations between private citizens.

Common Law vs. Statute Law

A law that is developed by parliament is known as a statute law.A statute is a formal, written law of a country or state, written and enacted by its legislative authority. Statutes command, prohibit, or declare something. It is sometime reffered as legislation or "black letter law". In some of the countries, published statutes are organized in topical arrangements called codes.
A law that is developed in response to the rulings of the court is known as a common law. Common law was originated under the adversarial system in England from judicial decisions that were based in tradition, custom, and precedent.The common law, when applies in civil cases is devised as a means of compensating someone for wrongful acts known as torts, including both intentional torts and torts caused by negligence, and as developing the body of law recognizing and regulating contracts.

Criminal Law vs. Public Law

Criminal law involves prosecution by the government of a person for an act that has been classified as a crime.Criminal law punishes criminals for committing offences against the state.
Four theories of criminal justice: punishment, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Crimilal Law differs from civil law, in that civil actions are disputes between two parties that are not of significant public concern. Civil cases, on the other hand, involve individuals and organizations seeking to resolve legal disputes. In a criminal case the state, through a prosecutor, initiates the suit, while in a civil case the victim brings the suit.

State Law vs. Federal Law

State laws operate within the boundaries of the state whose parliament or courts developed the law. State law, is the law of each separate state in a country, as passed by the state legislature and signed into law by the state governor. It exists in parallel, and sometimes in conflict with, country federal law.
Federal laws apply throughout the Country.Federal law is law created by the federal government of a nation. A federal government is formed when a group of political units of state or province join together in a federation, surrendering their individual sovereignty and many powers to the central authority while retaining (reserving) other limited powers. Common central government Law is the Federal law.